An empire doesn't need an 'emperor'. The British Empire developed into the Commonwealth in the 20th century, as former British dependencies obtained sovereignty but retained ties to the United Kingdom. This scholarly introduction written by a history professor at Oxford attempts to give a summary … Britain was heavily involved with the Transatlantic slave trade in the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries. The British Empire - a short summary. The British Empire - The foundations of the British Empire can be traced back to the 16th century when Elizabeth I encouraged British sailors to explore trading routes and Britain created colonies in India, Canada, Malta and in other territories in Africa and America. The British Empire was decentralised, non-mercantilist and built on and around free trade. For several hundred years starting in the 1600s, the British Empire ruled over many different lands and colonies all over the world. The slave trade acquired a peculiar importance to Britain’s colonial economy in the Americas, and it became an economic necessity for the Caribbean colonies and for the southern parts of the future United States. Word Count: 370. Britain acquired the Cape of Good Hope (now in South Africa) in 1806, and the South African interior was opened up by Boer and British pioneers under British control. Soon, Britain had settlements in Virginia, New England, Canada, the West Indies, India, and Africa. In summary, Christianity, commerce and civilisation was a neat way to justify the uniqueness of the British Empire and yet give it a justification for continuing it into the future. The first permanent British settlement on the African continent was made at James Island in the Gambia River in 1661. The policy of granting or recognizing significant degrees of self-government by dependencies, which was favoured by the far-flung nature of the empire, led to the development by the 20th century of the notion of a “British Commonwealth,” comprising largely self-governing dependencies that acknowledged an increasingly symbolic British sovereignty. The British Empire was a crucial component in shaping lives, peoples, travel, economy, technology, politics and culture for hundreds of years. The British Empire is the most extensive empire in world history and for a time was the foremost global power. Dominions and the Commonwealth The idea of limited self-government for some of Britain’s colonies was first recommended for Canada by Lord Durham in 1839. A summary of the British Empire What is the British Empire? At its fullest extent in the early twentieth century, the British Empire was the largest in the history of world. The Second British Empire was once so large it was said that “The sun never sets on the British Empire”. The Empire eventually covered the following areas which are covered separately. It began with the overseas possessions and trading posts established by England between the late 16th and early 18th centuries. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. The British Empire was the world’s largest and most powerful empire. The British Empire was the largest empire in history and for a time was the foremost global power. Corrections? Download. For more content, please visit our website https://www.brainemy.com. In summary, Christianity, commerce and civilisation was a neat way to justify the uniqueness of the British Empire and yet give it a justification for continuing it into the future. Was the Empire profitable to Britain? For instance, in India in 1953 and Kenya in the 1950s. By 1913 the British Empire held sway over 412 million people, 23% of the world population at the time, and by 19… In accordance with the mercantilist philosophy of the time, the colonies were regarded as a source of necessary raw materials for England and were granted monopolies for their products, such as tobacco and sugar, in the British market. A short summary of this paper. The Empire had establishments in Africa, Asia, Europe, America, and numerous Islands across the globe. Slave trading had begun earlier in Sierra Leone, but that region did not become a British possession until 1787. Key Facts & Summary: The British Empire was founded when England and Scotland were separate kingdoms. 1914 - … The map below shows the British Empire at its territorial peak in the early 20th century. The empire ended – mainly peacefully – in the half-century after the Second World War, as its former colonies became independent. However, trade was never confined to the Empire. To tie them together we have produced the following extended summary. Let’s find out more in our British Empire facts… British Empire facts. Australia! Our tips from experts and exam survivors will help you through. It was the starting point for the Tudor re-conquest of Ireland. But what was the British Empire and what were its main constituent parts? Consider the fact that Indian written history stretches back almost 4,000 years, to the civilization centers of the Indus Valley Culture at Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro. It is related to the Age of Imperialism and the expansion of the British Empire. 1801 - The British and Irish parliaments are joined by the Act of Union to create the United Kingdom. The British Empire was composed of the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates, and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states. From early discoveries, through bitter wars with other powers, to popular uprisings, the British Empire went through many changes during the course of history. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The term was embodied in statute in 1931. British Imperialism in India is an important topic in world history. With Art Malik. The dominions had long histories of British settler migration and by 1914 all, apart from South Africa, had European majority populations. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. The saying “The Empire on which the sun never sets” has been used to explain the vastness of the British Empire. During the second empire mercantilist ideals and regulations were gradually abandoned in response to economic and political developments in Great Britain early in the 19th cent. The extension of settlement, including the effects of contact between European settlers in Australia and Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander peoples. A short introduction by wikipedia. The beginning of the empire was not planned since there were no imperial constitutions or office of the emperor. Read about our approach to external linking. A short introduction by wikipedia. The British Empire 1. Summary of Empire: The Rise and Demise of the British World Order and the Lessons for Global Power. The extension of her empire not least contributed to the global growth of GDP, because Britain was the ‘least protectionist’ of all the great powers. 1837 - Queen Victoria is crowned queen. Its first colonies were in North America, and it later stretched into Asia, Africa and the Pacific, including New Zealand from 1840. In the 16th century Britain began to establish overseas colonies. was the largest colonial empire in history. Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership, https://www.britannica.com/place/British-Empire, HistoryWorld - History of The British Empire, Our Migration Story - A Home for the Ayahs: From India to Britain and Back Again, Our Migration Story - Industrials & Imperial Migrations - The Lascars: Britain's Colonial Sailors, British Empire - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), Discover what made the British Empire a successful colonial power in India and North America, James Andrew Broun Ramsay, Marquess of Dalhousie. He believes that in the period with which he is concerned 'British officialdom generally' was committed to conservative ideals of cherishing tradition and hierarchy throughout the empire (p. 148). The making of the Empire: T&R Introductory to the history of British Empire 19th century was an essential period in shaping the contemporary Europe. British military and naval power, under the leadership of such men as Robert Clive, James Wolfe, and Eyre Coote, gained for Britain two of the most important parts of its empire—Canada and India. The British Empire also stripped many colonies and indigenous peoples of their land and vibrant cultures, for example, the Aboriginal in Australia and the indigenous peoples of the United States. While Levine's book is by no means exhaustive, it does offer a strong overview of the major events which, in her view, shaped the establishment of the British Empire as one of the most powerful forces in world history. 1801 - The British and Irish parliaments are joined by the Act of Union to create the United Kingdom. By 15… The British Empire -----The B.E. The British Empire - a short summary. REASONS FOR EMPIRE BUILDING Economic reasons National prestige Release from national conditions Ideology 4. Please select which sections you would like to print: While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Great Britain made its first tentative efforts to establish overseas settlements in the 16th century. Between the 18th and 20th century, the British Empire acquired more territories making it the largest empire in history. It could also be deeply patronising and justified cultural imperialism and racial stereotyping and yet there was a surprisingly large dose of truth behind these motivations and strain of British imperialism. In Empire: The Rise and Demise of the British World Order and the Lessons for Global Power, Niall Ferguson gives a more or less complete history of the British Empire and discusses why it was a good thing for the world. The British Empire - a short summary. The first substantial achievements of the colonial empire stem from the Act for Kingly Title, passed by the Irish parliament in 1541. In India, the East India Company was confronted by the French Compagnie des Indes, but Robert Clive’s military victories against the French and the rulers of Bengal in the 1750s provided the British with a massive accession of territory and ensured their future supremacy in India. In the 2000s, just over 50 of these countries made up the Commonwealth. The British empire is first described as a 'Commonwealth of Nations', by Lord Rosebery speaking in Australia Go to Rosebery, Archibald Philip Primrose, 5th earl of (1847–1929) in A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed.) 1805 - The British fleet defeats Napoleon at the Battle of Trafalgar. 400 YEARS OF EMPIRE BUILDING (1497-1997) 3. The British Empire was a crucial component in shaping lives, peoples, travel, economy, technology, politics and culture for hundreds of years. It began with the overseas colonies and trading posts set up by England between the late 16th and early 18th centuries. By 1783, Britain had built a large empire with colonies in America and the West Indies. Last Updated on May 6, 2015, by eNotes Editorial. The British Empire offered inspiration and hope for these settlers and their descendants, most of whom thought of themselves as loyal British subjects first and New Zealanders, Australians or Canadians second. A decent and compact survey of the British Empire, ideal for an introduction to the history of the British Isles or the British Empire as a whole. The British Empire was the largest empire in history and for a time was the foremost global power. In the 17th and 18th centuries, the crown exercised control over its colonies chiefly in the areas of trade and shipping. The last sentiment spoken by the ruler of a rival (and evil) empire, encapsulate the main theme of Empire, British scholar Niall Ferguson’s extraordinary homage on which a … British Imperialism in India is an important topic in world history. The British Empire. 1854 - The Crimean War is fought against Russia. For better or worse, the impact of the British Empire has earned its place in the history books. The formation of the empire was thus an unorganized process based on piecemeal acquisition, sometimes with the British government being the least willing partner in the enterprise. Movements for the end of slavery came to fruition in British colonial possessions long before the similar movement in the United States; the trade was abolished in 1807 and slavery itself in Britain’s dominions in 1833. This scholarly introduction written by a history professor at Oxford attempts to give a summary … Please Subscribe & welcome back to the Brainemy Youtube Channel! From the eighteenth century until the 1950s the British Empire was the biggest political entity in the world. History of the british empire 1. Although the expansion was the aim of many Western countries, Britain definitely took the lead in global colonization. It is related to the Age of Imperialism and the expansion of the British Empire. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Map showing the British Empire at its greatest extent. decolonising countries). 1837 - Queen Victoria is crowned queen. Empire: The History of the British Empire, Trevor Lloyd… Consider the fact that Indian written history stretches back almost 4,000 years, to the civilization centers of the Indus Valley Culture at Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro. The British Empire comprised of Britain, the 'mother country', and the colonies, countries ruled to some degree by and from Britain. Empire and do what was necessary to secure British interests worldwide. Omissions? Nearly all these early settlements arose from the enterprise of particular companies and magnates rather than from any effort on the part of the English crown. This arrangement lasted until the combined effects of the Scottish economist Adam Smith’s Wealth of Nations (1776), the loss of the American colonies, and the growth of a free-trade movement in Britain slowly brought it to an end in the first half of the 19th century. Spanning over 400 years, historians continue to research and discover new things about the British Empire.And today more than ever, people are recognising, questioning and understanding the full story behind this important part of world history. Schaak; in the National Portrait Gallery, London. The Commonwealth of Nations, often called just the Commonwealth, is an association of 53 independent nations, all but one of which are former British colonies or related dependencies.Although the British empire is mostly no more, these nations grouped together to use their history to promote peace, democracy and development. Over a span of some three centuries Great Britain brought lands on every continent and islands in every ocean under its rule. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. The Victorian Era begins. Continents ruled by England. However, this is a dated view that has been widely challenged. Furthermore, many historians argue that you cannot examine the British Empire without examining the more shameful aspects of Britain's past. Lesson Summary. World War I brought the British Empire to the peak of its expansion, but in the years that followed came its decline. Fighting between the British and French colonies in North America was endemic in the first half of the 18th century, but the Treaty of Paris of 1763, which ended the Seven Years’ War (known as the French and Indian War in North America), left Britain dominant in Canada. 3. It did not take long before the British government realized that it no longer had the men, material and finances to keep the Empire profitable. From the eighteenth century until the 1950s the British Empire was the biggest political entity in the world. In the 19th and early 20th century, some historians argued that the empire was the deserved result of Britain's technical and moral superiority. Its first colonies were in North America, and it later stretched into Asia, Africa and the Pacific, including New Zealand from 1840. By 1670 there were British American colonies in New England, Virginia, and Maryland and settlements in the Bermudas, Honduras, Antigua, Barbados, and Nova Scotia. This is a broad survey of the history of the British Empire from its beginnings to its demise. The British Empire is now at its largest but England has lost the mantle of the most powerful nation on earth now to be only equal with up and coming nations like USA, Germany and Japan. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. I was attracted to The British Empire: Sunrise to Sunset by Philippa Levine's name, whose Prostitution, Race and Politics: Policing Venereal Disease in the British Empire is among the most interesting and detailed books on a specific imperial issue I have read to date. This statute converted Ireland from a lordship under the authority of the English crown to a kingdom in its own right. The British Empire: A Very Short Introduction explores how the British Empire became so powerful and far-reaching. The British Empire was made up of the colonies, protectorates, mandates and other territories which were controlled by the United Kingdom.. At its height, it was the largest empire in history, and the world's most powerful superpower for more than a century. The British Empire in Colour is a major three part series that examines the history and experience of the British Empire, form the perspectives of both the rulers and the ruled. Settlements were created by companies like the East India Company to become colonies controlled by Great Britain. With Art Malik. On your own, research and write down a definition for the following words: Empire Colony 5 mins! Thanks for watching! 2. The East India Company began establishing trading posts in India in 1600, and the Straits Settlements (Penang, Singapore, Malacca, and Labuan) became British through an extension of that company’s activities. It’s ending was in 1931,when it turned into the “British Commonwealth of Nations”. The Napoleonic Wars provided further additions to the empire; the Treaty of Amiens (1802) made Trinidad and Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) officially British, and in the Treaty of Paris (1814) France ceded Tobago, Mauritius, Saint Lucia, and Malta. The historiography of the second British Empire of the period 1783–1860 was already in vigorous debate at the very time when that the Empire was being established. The British Empire survived but the cracks were starting to show. Enslaved persons on a West Indian plantation being freed following passage of the Slavery Abolition Act (1833). Britain and France fought several wars, where Britain used its strong navy and won more land. Empire: The History of the British Empire, Trevor Lloyd. Wellcome Library, London. Canadian settlements in Alberta, Manitoba, and British Columbia extended British influence to the Pacific, while further British conquests in India brought in the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh and the Central Provinces, East Bengal, and Assam. An empire doesn't need an 'emperor'. At its height it was the largest empire in historyand, for over a century, was the foremost global power.
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